This study examined the relationship between artificial intelligence-based document management systems and record handling efficiency in tertiary institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study adopted a correlational research design. A sample of 302 administrative and records personnel was selected from a population of 1,248 using proportionate stratified sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed significant positive relationships between automated indexing systems and record handling efficiency (r = 0.682, p < 0.05), intelligent document retrieval systems and record handling efficiency (r = 0.741, p < 0.05), and automated document security and access control systems and record handling efficiency (r = 0.659, p < 0.05). The study concluded that artificial intelligence-based document management systems significantly enhance record handling efficiency in tertiary institutions. It was recommended that institutions adopt and strengthen AI-based indexing, retrieval, and security systems to improve administrative efficiency.